Modern Disease Control and Prevention

目的 分析河南省安阳市大气PM_2.5及其金属和类金属元素污染特征及来源,并评估其经呼吸暴露带来的健康风险。方法 2017—2024年每月10—16日采集安阳市2个监测点大气PM_2.5样品共1 167份,对PM_2.5及其中金属、类金属元素质量浓度进行统计分析,根据相关标准对人群健康风险进行评估。结果 2017—2024年安阳市大气PM_2.5质量浓度整体呈现下降趋势(F=68.84,P<0.001),PM_2.5超标率为25.00%～65.56%,呈现冬季和采暖期高的污染特征。11种金属、类金属元素富集因子EF值均>10,锰、镉、硒EF值排前3位,均>10 000。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累计贡献率为60.258%,铅、锑、砷、铊、铍、铝、锰、汞的元载荷值较高。砷、铬、镉的超额致癌风险分别为2.99×10^-5、3.42×10^-6、2.87×10^-6。结论 安阳市大气PM_2.5污染状况有明显好转,但超标情况依然存在,应重视PM_2.5中金属和类金属元素潜在致癌风险,继续加强污染防治攻坚战。

Objective This study aims to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_2.5) and its metal and metalloid constituents in Anyang City from 2017 to 2024,and to assess the health risks posed by these elements through respiratory exposure.Methods A total of 1 167 PM_2.5 samples were systematically collected from two monitoring sites in Anyang City from 2017 to 2024,specifically during the 10th to 16th of each month.Mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and its metal and metalloid components were analyzed statistically.Health risks associated with these elements were evaluated according to the relative standards.Results The mass concentration of PM_2.5 in Anyang City exhibited an overall declining trend from 2017 to 2024(F=68.84,P<0.001).The exceedance rates were 25.00%-65.56%,particularly during the winter and heating periods.Enrichment factor(EF) values for 11 metal and metalloid elements exceeded 10,indicating significant anthropogenic influence and pollution.Notably,manganese,cadmium,and selenium had EF values exceeding 10 000,highlighting their high enrichment and anthropogenic pollution.Principal component analysis identified four main components,accounting for 60.258% of the cumulative contribution.Elements,such as lead,antimony,arsenic,thallium,beryllium,aluminum,manganese,and mercury had notably high loading.The excess carcinogenic risks associated with arsenic,chromium,and cadmium were 2.99×10^-5,3.42×10^-6,and 2.87×10^-6,respectively.Conclusions Although air pollution in Anyang City has improved significantly,exceedances still occur.The potential carcinogenic risks of metal and metalloid elements in PM_2.5,warrant attention,and continued efforts to strengthen pollution prevention and control are necessary.